Begin Study
תְּהִלִּים
Book 19 of 66 · Old Testament · Poetry

Psalms

The songbook of the soul — every human emotion before a holy God

150Chapters
2,461Verses
~1400–400BC Written
700+NT Cross-Refs
Overview

The Prayer Book of Scripture

Key Verse

Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path.

Psalm 119:105

Psalms is the longest book in the Bible — 150 chapters, 2,461 verses — and the most quoted book in the New Testament. It is the hymnbook, the prayer book, and the devotional manual of ancient Israel, collected across nearly a thousand years of Hebrew worship. David wrote at least 73 of the psalms; Moses wrote one (Psalm 90); Solomon two; the rest came from temple musicians, pilgrims, and anonymous authors crying out to God from depths of suffering and heights of ecstasy.

The book is structured as five collections, deliberately mirroring the five books of Moses. Each book closes with a doxology. Together they cover the full range of human experience: raw lament and soaring praise, dark nights of despair and blazing noon of confidence, intimate confession and corporate worship, whispered prayer and thundering proclamation.

Theologically, Psalms is where the Old Testament's messianic hope burns brightest. Psalm 22 describes the crucifixion centuries before it happens. Psalm 110 — the most quoted OT passage in the NT — describes a priest-king seated at God's right hand. Psalm 2 declares the Father's words to the Son: "You are my Son; today I have begotten you." Jesus quotes the Psalms from the cross. Paul builds arguments from them. John sees them fulfilled in the throne room of Revelation.

Key Themes
Praise & WorshipLamentTrust in GodMessianic ProphecyGod's WordCreationRepentanceGod's KingshipSuffering & HopeThe Righteous Man
Reading Plan
Psalms in 30 Days

5 psalms per day · the entire book each month

Create a Plan
The Five Books

Psalms Mirrors the Pentateuch

Book I — Psalms 1–41 (Corresponding to Genesis)
Book II — Psalms 42–72 (Corresponding to Exodus)
Book III — Psalms 73–89 (Corresponding to Leviticus)
Book IV — Psalms 90–106 (Corresponding to Numbers)
Book V — Psalms 107–150 (Corresponding to Deuteronomy)
Psalm 107Give Thanks; He Redeems Psalm 108My Heart Is Steadfast, O God Psalm 109A Cry Against the Accuser Psalm 110The LORD Said to My Lord Psalm 111Great Are the Works of the LORD Psalm 112Blessed Is the One Who Fears the LORD Psalm 113He Raises the Poor from the Dust Psalm 114When Israel Went Out of Egypt Psalm 115Not to Us, but to Your Name Psalm 116I Love the LORD, for He Heard Me Psalm 117Praise the LORD, All Nations Psalm 118The Stone the Builders Rejected Psalm 119The Longest Chapter in the Bible Psalm 120A Cry in Distress Psalm 121I Lift My Eyes to the Hills Psalm 122Let Us Go to the House of the LORD Psalm 123To You I Lift Up My Eyes Psalm 124If the LORD Had Not Been on Our Side Psalm 125Those Who Trust Are Like Mount Zion Psalm 126Those Who Sow in Tears Psalm 127Unless the LORD Builds the House Psalm 128Blessed Is Everyone Who Fears the LORD Psalm 129Afflicted from My Youth Psalm 130Out of the Depths I Cry Psalm 131A Quieted Soul Psalm 132The LORD's Choice of Zion Psalm 133How Good to Dwell in Unity Psalm 134Bless the LORD, All You Servants Psalm 135Praise the Name of the LORD Psalm 136His Steadfast Love Endures Forever Psalm 137By the Rivers of Babylon Psalm 138I Give You Thanks with My Whole Heart Psalm 139You Have Searched Me and Known Me Psalm 140Deliver Me from Evil Men Psalm 141Let My Prayer Be as Incense Psalm 142You Are My Refuge Psalm 143Teach Me to Do Your Will Psalm 144Blessed Be the LORD My Rock Psalm 145I Will Extol You, My God and King Psalm 146Praise the LORD, O My Soul Psalm 147He Heals the Brokenhearted Psalm 148Let All Creation Praise Him Psalm 149Sing to the LORD a New Song Psalm 150Praise Him with Everything
Commentary

Deeper Insights

Psalm 22: Written at the Cross

Psalm 22 is the most startling messianic prophecy in Scripture. David writes around 1000 BC: "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" — the exact words Jesus cries from the cross (Matthew 27:46). The psalm continues: "All who see me mock me; they hurl insults, shaking their heads" — fulfilled in Matthew 27:39. "They divide my clothes among them and cast lots for my garment" — fulfilled in John 19:24. "Dogs surround me, a pack of villains encircles me; they pierce my hands and my feet" — a description of crucifixion centuries before Rome invented it. Psalm 22 was not written about crucifixion; crucifixion was invented to fulfill Psalm 22.

Psalm 110: Most Quoted in the New Testament

Psalm 110:1 is quoted or alluded to more often in the NT than any other OT verse. "The LORD said to my Lord: Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet." Jesus uses it in Matthew 22:44 to confound the Pharisees, arguing that if David calls the Messiah his Lord, the Messiah must be more than David's son — he must be David's God. Hebrews builds its entire theology of Christ's high priesthood on Psalm 110:4: "You are a priest forever, in the order of Melchizedek." The risen, ascended, enthroned Christ is the fulfilment of both offices — King and Priest — that Psalm 110 envisions.

Psalm 51: The Anatomy of Repentance

Written after David's sin with Bathsheba and the murder of Uriah, Psalm 51 is the deepest and most searching prayer of repentance in Scripture. David does not merely ask for forgiveness of actions — he asks for a new heart: "Create in me a clean heart, O God, and renew a right spirit within me." He understands that his sin is ultimately against God: "Against you, you only, have I sinned." He cannot cleanse himself; only God can. The psalm prefigures the New Covenant promise of Ezekiel 36:26 — "I will give you a new heart" — and ultimately points to the Cross, where the only sufficient sacrifice for sin is made.

Psalm 23: The Shepherd King

Six verses. Thirty seconds to read. The most beloved passage in human literature. "The LORD is my shepherd" — David, a former shepherd himself, uses the image he knows best to describe God's care. Every phrase is dense with comfort: green pastures and still waters are rest and provision; the valley of the shadow of death is mortal danger navigated with God beside us; the rod and staff are the shepherd's tools of guidance and protection; the table prepared before enemies is vindication; the goodness and mercy that follow are not occasional visitors but lifelong companions. Jesus claims this psalm explicitly in John 10: "I am the good shepherd." The shepherd of Psalm 23 is Jesus.

Reflect

SOAP Journal

Read the chapter, then journal through it — the Scripture that stands out, what you Observe, how you'll Apply it, and a Prayer. Saved privately to your account, per chapter.

Cross-References

Psalms in the Living Web

Psalms connects to more books than any other in the Bible
Explore all 63,779 connections in the full diagram →
My Progress
0 of chapters 0%
Book Complete
Copied!
0 day streak
Quick Facts
AuthorsDavid & others
Written~1400–400 BC
Chapters150
Verses2,461
Longest BookBy chapters
DivisionWisdom & Poetry
Key WordPraise / Hallelujah
Key Authors
David73 Psalms
Sons of Korah11 Psalms
Asaph12 Psalms
Solomon2 Psalms
MosesPsalm 90
Anonymous50 Psalms
Psalm Types
Lament~42 Psalms
Praise & Thanksgiving~30 Psalms
Royal / Messianic~18 Psalms
Wisdom~9 Psalms
Pilgrimage (Songs of Ascent)15 Psalms
Sign in to track your progress
7
Day Streak
"As the deer pants for streams of water, so my soul pants for you, my God."
— Psalm 42:1
Book Complete